While it's generally frowned upon to delete and then republish a chapter, regardless of the reason, I would at least wait for a short period if you do elect to delete the chapter. I've done it before but I generally wait a few days. I have a tiny readerbase here though, so it doesn't bug me much. (Actually surprises me that I have any readers at all here seeing as I'm not writing porn).
A published chapter only gets one "notification" moment. Or, in other words, you only get one opportunity for that linked chapter to appear on the front page. Once that moment happens, the system does not repeat said notification no matter how many times you edit the chapter. Hence why it's frowned upon, as you could essentially just spam you chapter over and over every so often to put it on the front page. If you do perform such an act, I will flame you and your story might actually get delisted from a snarky report (For legal reasons, this is not a threat from me. I'm lazy and honestly don't care. I'll flame you because you're desperate and an idiot for doing it.)
That aside, I recommend taking the L and moving on. Finish writing the chapter then edit it in. Leave an author's note in the meantime apologizing for your mistake and let your readers know to check back later in the week or when the following chapter gets posted.