STAAR is not a graduating requirement. It is used for school rating purposes only, it does affect funding provided by the Texas State Government to schools.
The assessment in Virginia is called SOL.
For New York they just call it standardized testing.
The GED has no stigma attached to it in the regular working world here in the United States, for the most part, there are always assholes.
For college what counts is your Scores in the ACT and/or SAT, then your high school GPA, then your high school courses taken, then a lot of other stuff in descending order. So just having a GED would hurt you there, but would not prevent you from going to college, you just would not get into a high end college at first. A 2 year college then to a four year college and so forth working your way up the college rankings as it were proving you can do the course work.
Enlisted Military Service requires a High School Diploma or a GED and through a test called an ASVAB, the various scores on that would indicate what job you would qualify for in the service you are applying for.
Sorry had to reedit some of what I wrote earlier.