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Battle of Salamin
The battle of Salamin was a naval combat that took place in 480 BC. and that is part of what is known as the Second Medical War. This battle confronted the Athenians and Spartans against the Persians, who were headed by Xerxes, Fifth Great King of the Achaemenid Empire.
The Persians began a gigantic invasion of Greece, but in the face of that occupation, not only did the heroism of the Greek people rise, that of the sailor Themistocles. Themistocles decided to consult the oracle to seek help in the face of the Persian invasion and he replied: "Athens must entrench itself behind a wooden wall." The Greek chief interpreted those words as follows: "The wooden wall is a bulkhead formed by the sides of the ships that will be built in a hurry and will be afloat." And, developing a fast activity, he prepared, supervised and launched the construction, until obtaining a large naval squadron capable of dealing with the powerful fleet of Xerxes.
The most common naval tactic in the Mediterranean was to ram with the spurs with which the triremes were equipped and board the enemy ship with the infantry, which became a land battle on the deck of ships. As a consequence, the Persian ships, attacked by spurs by the Greeks, could not maneuver to avoid the blows and left one another, breaking the oars and remaining at the mercy of the enemy.
After a day of arduous struggle, the battle of Salamis ended with the disastrous defeat of the Persians.
A video about the Battle of Salamin
Battle of Accio
Another of the great naval battles also took place in Greece, where the fleets of Cayo Julio César Octaviano (or César Augusto or Octavio Augusto) met and those of Marco Antonio and his ally Cleopatra, facing the Gulf of Ambracia and the promontory of Accio. This battle took place on September 2 of the year 31 B.C.
Marco Antonio's fleet was divided into four squads, with sails on board, ready for the fight. Cleopatra's squad included the rest of the merchant ships along with the valuable goods, but it remained in the rearguard and never provided support in the war. The bulk of the 20,000 legionaries and 2000 archers who had embarked on Marco Antonio's ships were divided between the other three squads trying to provoke a combat near the coast, where it was not possible for their fleet to be surrounded by that of the enemy. However, Antonio's ships, large and slow, were defeated by the smallest and most maneuverable ships of Agrippa and its superior armament. Cleopatra's ships, instead of fighting in battle, fled through the fighting ships, followed by Marco Antonio. This flight was unnoticed and the fight ended two hours later, around four in the afternoon, with the surrender of the fleet of the allies.
The battle resulted in the absolute victory of Octavio Augusto, with 2500 casualties, and the flight of Antonio and Cleopatra, leaving more than 5000 dead.
Battle of Lepanto
The battle of Lepanto was a naval combat that took place on October 7, 1571 in the Gulf of Lepanto in front of the city of Naupacto. In this fight they faced the Empire of the Ottoman Turks and a Christian coalition called the Holy League.
After taking over Constantinople in 1453, the Ottomans conquered Otranto, Algiers (in the hands of the pirate Barbaroja), Yemen and virtually the entire Mediterranean having defeated even Andrea Doria himself, the most notable admiral of Christianity of the XV and XVI.
However, the year 1571 would be critical; one of the most spectacular naval fighting in history would end up defeating them.
On October 7 of that year, Juan de Austria's fleet went to sea with 230 ships manned by some 80000 men. The center of the Turkish line was entrusted to the pirates Auldj Ali and Mehmet Chaulak (nicknamed by the Christians Mehmer Siroco).
In total, the Turkish crew amounted to 120000 men. After the arduous battle, the Christians were victorious. The Turks lost 224 ships; 130 remained in the hands of the Christians and the rest were set on fire or went down. Christians lost 15 ships and about 8,000 men, dead and wounded. 30,000 Turks found death and about 8,000 were taken prisoner. The booty captured from the Turkish ships was incalculable and was enough to compensate for the material losses of the so-called Holy League fleet.
As a favorite curiosity, it should be noted that one of the soldiers who fought in the battle was Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra who would be nicknamed "El Manco de Lepanto" and that centuries later he would become famous with his work The Ingenious Hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha
A video about this battle
Battle of the Invincible Navy
At the beginning of 1588, Spain finished building the most formidable fleet that until then sailed the seas: 134 large ships with a crew of more than 30,000 men, including 8,000 sailors, 2,000 galleys and 20,000 infantrymen. The fleet included 70 barges to transport 30 horses each.
The English had learned through Spanish prisoners that the purpose of the Spanish Navy was to invade the England of Isabel I. To defend their territory, the British enlisted 34 warships and 150 armed merchant ships that were placed under the command of Drake, an expert sailor with high navigation techniques.
After clashes in Calais and on the coasts of England and Scotland, and after the terrible storms that caused the sinking of a large part of the fleet, what was left of it returned to port, turning the Spanish expedition into a real disaster.
Batalla de Trafalgar
The Battle of Trafalgar, which took place on October 21, 1805 in front of the end of the Cadiz coast, faced Great Britain with Napoleonic France and its ally Spain.
Bonaparte had planned to repeat the feat of the Invincible Navy and conquer England. To do this, he gathered a large squad in Boulogne, which included French and Spanish vessels, and placed them under the command of French admiral Juan Bautista Silvestre de Villeneuve. The Franco-Spanish army was composed of 33 ships and 7 frigates. For its part, the British Navy, commanded by Admiral Nelson, consisted of 27 ships and 6 frigates.
On October 21, the Franco-Spanish squad left Cádiz to meet Nelson's English fleet and spotted her near Cape Trafalgar. The allies had 40 ships under the supreme command of Villeneuve, who, against the opinion of the Spanish sailors, had left the port in unfavorable conditions and reversed the march order to enter combat in a single and extensive line. The English fleet broke through the center Franco-Spanish formation, without the distant ships could come to the aid, thus making clear the weakness of the strategy ordered by Villeneuve. Only 15 ships from the Allied squad were saved from the disaster, the remaining 25 were sunk or captured.
In total, Franco-Spanish human losses reached about 3000 dead and one thousand injured.
If you need more examples I can provide them but better study these for now and if you have any questions you can ask me.
